HOMOEOPATHIC REMEDIES FOR DIABETES INCLUDING DIABETIC FOOT AND DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY

Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of diseases that affect how your body uses blood sugar (glucose). Glucose is vital to your health because it's an important source of energy for the cells that make up your muscles and tissues. It's also your brain's main source of fuel.

If you have diabetes, no matter what type, it means you have too much glucose in your blood, although the causes may differ. Too much glucose can lead to serious health problems.

Chronic diabetes conditions include type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Potentially reversible diabetes conditions include prediabetes — when your blood sugar levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as diabetes — and gestational diabetes, which occurs during pregnancy but may resolve after the baby is delivered.

Causes --To understand diabetes, first you must understand how glucose is normally processed in the body.

How insulin works

Insulin is a hormone that comes from a gland situated behind and below the stomach (pancreas).

·        The pancreas secretes insulin into the bloodstream.

·        The insulin circulates, enabling sugar to enter your cells.

·        Insulin lowers the amount of sugar in your bloodstream.

·        As your blood sugar level drops, so does the secretion of insulin from your pancreas.

The role of glucose

Glucose — a sugar — is a source of energy for the cells that make up muscles and other tissues.

·        Glucose comes from two major sources: food and your liver.

·        Sugar is absorbed into the bloodstream, where it enters cells with the help of insulin.

·        Your liver stores and makes glucose.

·        When your glucose levels are low, such as when you haven't eaten in a while, the liver breaks down stored glycogen into glucose to keep your glucose level within a normal range.

Causes of type 1 diabetes

·        The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown. What is known is that your immune system — which normally fights harmful bacteria or viruses — attacks and destroys your insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This leaves you with little or no insulin. Instead of being transported into your cells, sugar builds up in your bloodstream.

·        Type 1 is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors, though exactly what many of those factors are is still unclear.

Causes of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes

·        In prediabetes — which can lead to type 2 diabetes — and in type 2 diabetes, your cells become resistant to the action of insulin, and your pancreas is unable to make enough insulin to overcome this resistance. Instead of moving into your cells where it's needed for energy, sugar builds up in your bloodstream.

·        Exactly why this happens is uncertain, although it's believed that genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Being overweight is strongly linked to the development of type 2 diabetes, but not everyone with type 2 is overweight.

Causes of gestational diabetes

·        During pregnancy, the placenta produces hormones to sustain your pregnancy. These hormones make your cells more resistant to insulin.

·        Normally, your pancreas responds by producing enough extra insulin to overcome this resistance. But sometimes your pancreas can't keep up. When this happens, too little glucose gets into your cells and too much stays in your blood, resulting in gestational diabetes.

Symptoms--Some of the signs and symptoms of type 1 and type 2 diabetes are:

·        Increased thirst

·        Frequent urination

·        Extreme hunger

·        Unexplained weight loss

·        Presence of ketones in the urine (ketones are a byproduct of the breakdown of muscle and fat that happens when there's not enough available insulin)

·        Fatigue

·        Irritability

·        Blurred vision

·        Slow-healing sores

·        Frequent infections, such as gums or skin infections and vaginal infections

Although type 1 diabetes can develop at any age, it typically appears during childhood or adolescence. Type 2 diabetes, the more common type, can develop at any age, though it's more common in people older than 40.

HOMOEOPATHIC REMEDIES

Homoeopathic remedies are very safe for treating diabetes and its complications without any side effects . Some of the important remedies are given below-Along with the following remedies consider the constitutional drug for a permanent cure.

ABROMA AUGUSTA Q - Abroma Augusta is the top Homeopathic medicine to treat Diabetes Mellitus. Its use is highly recommended in those patients who are losing flesh and suffer from extreme weakness due to Diabetes Mellitus. The patients who can greatly benefit from this Homeopathic medicine have an increased thirst with dryness of mouth. They also have an increased appetite and the urination is very frequent day and night. Excessive weakness is felt after urination. Homeopathic medicine Abroma Augusta is also of great help in treating sleeplessness in a person with Diabetes. Another sphere in which this Homeopathic remedy yields good results is skin complaints like boils and carbuncles in a diabetic patient. Burning sensation in the whole body is a prominent general symptom that can be found in persons requiring Abroma Augusta

CEPHALANDRA INDICA Q- A specific remedy for diabetes. Dryness of mouth. Great thirst for large quantities of cold water

PHOSPHORUS 200--Phosphorus is a Homeopathic medicine of great help for treating Diabetes Mellitus, though its use depends completely on the constitutional symptoms of the patient. Homeopathic medicine Phosphorus is a remedy of great help for weakness of vision in a diabetic patient

RHUS AROMATICA Q- Rhus aromatic is an effective remedy for diabetes. Passing large quantities of urine of low specific gravity

SYZYGIUM JAMBOLANUM Q-Syzygium Jambolanum is among the best Homeopathic remedies for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. It acts promptly and efficiently in decreasing the sugar levels. Excessive thirst and excessive urination are always present in the patient. Homeopathic medicine Syzygium Jambolanum also gives wonderful results in treatment of long-standing ulcers in a diabetic patient

PHASEOLUS 3X—Diabetes with heart disease

PHOSPHORIC ACID Q-Phosphoric Acid is an excellent Homeopathic remedy for extreme weakness, either mental or physical, in a diabetic patient. Such patients feel exhausted all the time. They have a weak memory and are forgetful. Some sort of history of grief may be found in patients requiring this Homeopathic medicine. For numbness of feet in patients of Diabetes Mellitus, Phosphoric Acid is the best Homeopathic remedy

MEMORDICA CHARANTIA Q- An excellent specific remedy for diabetes.

GYMNEMA SYLVESTRE Q--Gymnema Sylvestre is a Homeopathic medicine of great help for patients of Diabetes Mellitus who are losing weight with weakness and exhaustion. In such patients, this Homeopathic remedy works as a tonic resulting in improvement of overall health. With Homeopathic medicine Gymnema Sylvestre,the patient puts on weight and feels energeti

URANIUM NITRICUM 3X- Diabetes with weakness and losing flesh

DIABETIC FOOT

SECALE COR 30- An excellent remedy for diabetic gangrene . Dry gangrene of toe. Dusky blue tinge. Skin feels cold to touch yet covering not tolerated. Warmth aggravatio

ARSENICUM ALBUM 30- Diabetic gangrene. Burning and soreness , relieved by warmth. Fetid smell from the wound. Restlessness

APIS MELLIFICA 30-Spreading cellulitis with burning stinging pain. Sensitive. Blebs are seen

ANTIMONIUM CRUDUM 30- Callosities are seen. Dry gangrene

CARBO VEGETABIS 30- Carbuncles and boils becomes gangrenous. Wet , purple and icy cold gangrene.Moist gangrene. There is great prostration

HEPAR SULPH 30- Blebs are seen. Very sensitive to touch

LACHESIS 200- Bluish purple surroundings around gangrene. Traumatic

RHUS TOX 30- Spreading cellulitis

SULPHURIC ACID-30- Blue and purple surroundings of the gangrene. Bleeding under the skin

THIOSINAMINUM 30-Specific for callosities. Dry gangrene

TARENTULA CUB 30- Painful and inflamed abscess with a tendency to gangrene

ECHINACEA Q- Emitting a foul smell from gangrene . 5 drops in a little of water every 2 hours . Externally wash with a Echinacea lotion. It act as a cleaning and antiseptic agent.

DIABETES NEPHROPATHY

LYCOPODIUM CLAVATUM 30—Lycopodium is an effective remedy for diabetic nephropathy. Urine scanty , cries before urinating, red sand in urine, must strain, suppressed or retained. Urine milky and turbid. Sometimes haematuria . Urine is burning and hot. The right kidney is mainly affected. The patient experiences impotency.The patient likes warm food and drink, also there is intense craving for sweets.

SERUM ANGUILLAE 6X—Serum Anguilae is one of the best remedies for diabetes nephropathy. It is very effective in acute nephritis. Kidney failure. It is prescribed when hypertension and oliguria without oedema is present. Urine contains albumin.

ARALIA HISPIDA 30-Aralia hispida is found to be effective for diabetes nephropathy. There is dropsy of renal origin. Urinary tract infection is present. Urine is scanty leading to complete suppression of urine. Renal diseases with constipation.

AMPELOPSIS QUINQUEFOLIA 30- Ampelopsis quinquefolia is another effective remedy for diabetes nephropathy. There is uraemia or uremic coma. Vomiting, purging, tenesmus , cold sweat and collapse are the leading symptoms. 

CUPRUM ARSENITUM 3x-Cuprum ars is also a very effective remedy for diabetes nephropathy. There is kidney inefficiency and uremia. The urine smell like garlic. Urine of high specific gravity increased, acetones and diacetic acid.

CUPRUM ACETICUM 3X- In Cuprum aceticum the tongue is pale , coated with lot of mucus. Anemia. Pulse rapid. The patient is chilly. Breathlessness with dry cough. Cannot eat or drink without retching.

ARSENICUM ALBUM- 30-Arsenic alb. Is also an effective remedy for diabetes nephropathy. Urine is scanty, burning when urinating. Albuminuria. Epithelial cells, cylindrical clots of fibrin and globules of pus and blood in urine. Feeling weakness in abdomen after urination. Retention of urine. Urine black as if mixed with dung.

GENE RESPONSIBLE FOR TRAITS INVOLVED IN DIABETES DISCOVERED

A collaborative research team led by Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW) scientists has identified a new gene associated with fasting glucose and insulin levels in rats, mice and in humans. The findings are published in the September issue of Genetics.

Leah Solberg Woods, Ph.D., associate professor of pediatrics at MCW and a researcher in the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin Research Institute, led the study and is the corresponding author of the paper.

The authors of the paper identified a gene called Tpcn2 in which a variant was associated with fasting glucose levels in a rat model. Studies in Tpcn2 knockout mice also demonstrated the difference in fasting glucose levels as well as insulin response between the knockout animals and regular mice. Finally, Dr. Woods' team identified variants within Tpcn2 associated with fasting insulin in humans. Tpcn2 is a lysosomal calcium channel that likely plays a role in insulin signaling. Glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction are key underlying causes of type 2 diabetes.

"Genome-wide association studies in humans have identified 60+ genes linked to type 2 diabetes; however, these genes explain only a small portion of heritability in diabetes studies. As we continue to identify genes and variants of interest, we will evaluate them in multiple models to understand the mechanism of disease," said Dr. Solberg Woods.

According to the American Diabetes Association, 29 million Americans have diabetes -- more than nine percent of the total population. It is the 7th leading cause of death, and experts estimate diabetes is an underreported cause of death because of the comorbidities and complications associated with the disease.

COMMON DIABETES DRUG CAN REDUCE BAD CHOLESTEROL

A common diabetes drug Metformin can also help lower “bad” cholesterol that is known for promoting cardiovascular diseases by hardening the arteries, significant research has found.

“The findings suggest that Metformin might indeed have an additional beneficial effect with regards to cardiovascular diseases among the diabetes patients”, said study first author Dr Tao Xu from Helmholtz Zentrum Minchen, the German research centre for environment health in Neuherberg.

Along with the team from the German Diabetes Centre (DDZ) in Dusseldorf, Dr Tu and colleagues analysed more than 1,800 blood samples of participants.

Using a comprehensive approach, the scientists investigated metabolic products (metabolites) as well as genetics of these participants.

They found that the administration of Metformin in patients suffering from Type 2 Diabetes led to a change in metabolite levels.

According to the authors, this was associated with a significantly decreased level of LDL or “bad” cholesterol.

The researchers speculate that Metformin intake affects the levels of LDL cholesterol, leading to a down-regulation of specific genes.

“This is also supported by the fact that three lipid metabolites are decreased after taking the diabetes drug. Presumably, this is the mechanism how the production of ‘LDL’ cholesterol is repressed by Metformin,” explained

Dr Rui Wang-Sattler from the institute of epidemiology II of the Helmholtz Zentrum Minchen.

“Until now the exact mechanism is unclear. Thus, we want to continue our contribution to its decryption”, added co-study author Dr Stefan Brandmaier in a paper published in the journal Diabetes Care.

Metformin is the oldest and most frequently used oral anti-diabetes drug.

It affects blood fat levels via AMPK signalling pathway. The AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an enzyme that determines the energy status of the cell.

In case, the energy status is low, AMPK stops energy consuming processes like the synthesis of cholesterol or fatty acids.

ENGINEERED INSULIN COULD OFFER BETTER DIABETES CONTROL

For patients with diabetes, insulin is critical to maintaining good health and normal blood-sugar levels. However, it's not an ideal solution because it can be difficult for patients to determine exactly how much insulin they need to prevent their blood sugar from swinging too high or too low.

MIT engineers hope to improve treatment for diabetes patients with a new type of engineered insulin. In tests in mice, the researchers showed that their modified insulin can circulate in the bloodstream for at least 10 hours, and that it responds rapidly to changes in blood-sugar levels. This could eliminate the need for patients to repeatedly monitor their blood sugar levels and inject insulin throughout the day.

"The real challenge is getting the right amount of insulin available when you need it, because if you have too little insulin your blood sugar goes up, and if you have too much, it can go dangerously low," says Daniel Anderson, the Samuel A. Goldblith Associate Professor in MIT's Department of Chemical Engineering, and a member of MIT's Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Institute for Medical Engineering and Science. "Currently available insulins act independent of the sugar levels in the patient."

Anderson and Robert Langer, the David H. Koch Institute Professor at MIT, are the senior authors of a paper describing the engineered insulin in this week's Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The paper's lead authors are Hung-Chieh (Danny) Chou, former postdoc Matthew Webber, and postdoc Benjamin Tang. Other authors are technical assistants Amy Lin and Lavanya Thapa, David Deng, Jonathan Truong, and Abel Cortinas.

Glucose-responsive insulin

Patients with Type I diabetes lack insulin, which is normally produced by the pancreas and regulates metabolism by stimulating muscle and fat tissue to absorb glucose from the bloodstream. Insulin injections, which form the backbone of treatment for diabetes patients, can be deployed in different ways. Some people take a modified form called long-acting insulin, which stays in the bloodstream for up to 24 hours, to ensure there is always some present when needed. Other patients calculate how much they should inject based on how many calories they consume or how much sugar is present in their blood.

The MIT team set out to create a new form of insulin that would not only circulate for a long time, but would be activated only when needed -- that is, when blood-sugar levels are too high. This would prevent patients' blood-sugar levels from becoming dangerously low, a condition known as hypoglycemia that can lead to shock and even death.

To create this glucose-responsive insulin, the researchers first added a hydrophobic molecule called an aliphatic domain, which is a long chain of fatty molecules dangling from the insulin molecule. This helps the insulin circulate in the bloodstream longer, although the researchers do not yet know exactly why that is. One theory is that the fatty tail may bind to albumin, a protein found in the bloodstream, sequestering the insulin and preventing it from latching onto sugar molecules.

The researchers also attached a chemical group called PBA, which can reversibly bind to glucose. When blood-glucose levels are high, the sugar binds to insulin and activates it, allowing the insulin to stimulate cells to absorb the excess sugar.

The research team created four variants of the engineered molecule, each of which contained a PBA molecule with a different chemical modification, such as an atom of fluorine and nitrogen. They then tested these variants, along with regular insulin and long-acting insulin, in mice engineered to have an insulin deficiency.

To compare each type of insulin, the researchers measured how the mice's blood-sugar levels responded to surges of glucose every few hours for 10 hours. They found that the engineered insulin containing PBA with fluorine worked the best: Mice that received that form of insulin showed the fastest response to blood-glucose spikes.

"The modified insulin was able to give more appropriate control of blood sugar than the unmodified insulin or the long-acting insulin," Anderson says.

The new molecule represents a significant conceptual advance that could help scientists realize the decades-old goal of better controlling diabetes with a glucose-responsive insulin, says Michael Weiss, a professor of biochemistry and medicine at Case Western Reserve University.

"It would be a breathtaking advance in diabetes treatment if the Anderson/Langer technology could accomplish the translation of this idea into a routine treatment of diabetes," says Weiss, who was not part of the research team.

New alternative

Giving this type of insulin once a day instead of long-acting insulin could offer patients a better alternative that reduces their blood-sugar swings, which can cause health problems when they continue for years and decades, Anderson says. The researchers now plan to test this type of insulin in other animal models and are also working on tweaking the chemical composition of the insulin to make it even more responsive to blood-glucose levels.

"We're continuing to think about how we might further tune this to give improved performance so it's even safer and more efficacious," Anderson says.

The research was funded by the Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust, the Tayebati Family Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, and the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation.

NEW EVIDENCE THAT DRINKING COFFEE MAY REDUCE THE RISK OF DIABETES

Scientists are reporting new evidence that drinking coffee may help prevent diabetes and that caffeine may be the ingredient largely responsible for this effect. Their findings, among the first animal studies to demonstrate this apparent link, appear in ACS' Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.

Fumihiko Horio and colleagues note that past studies have suggested that regular coffee drinking may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. The disease affects millions in the United States and is on the rise worldwide. However, little of that evidence comes from studies on lab animals used to do research that cannot be done in humans.

The scientists fed either water or coffee to a group of laboratory mice commonly used to study diabetes. Coffee consumption prevented the development of high-blood sugar and also improved insulin sensitivity in the mice, thereby reducing the risk of diabetes. Coffee also caused a cascade of other beneficial changes in the fatty liver and inflammatory adipocytokines related to a reduced diabetes risk. Additional lab studies showed that caffeine may be "one of the most effective anti-diabetic compounds in coffee," the scientists say.