HOMOEOPATHIE REMEDIES FOR GALL BLADDER DISEASES

The gallbladder is a small pouch that sits just under the liver. The gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver. After meals, the gallbladder is empty and flat, like a deflated balloon. Before a meal, the gallbladder may be full of bile and about the size of a small pear.

In response to signals, the gallbladder squeezes stored bile into the small intestine through a series of tubes called ducts. Bile helps digest fats, but the gallbladder itself is not essential. Removing the gallbladder in an otherwise healthy individual typically causes no observable problems with health or digestion yet there may be a small risk of diarrhea and fat malabsorption.

HOMOEOPATHIC REMEDIES

 ARSENICUM SULPH. RUB,. 200- GALL STONE COLIC WITH FEVER

BATISIA TIC 30-Soreness over the region of gall bladder with diarrhea. Stools very offensive

BELLADONNA 200- It is an excellent remedy for for gall stone colic. It can be repeated often , till the colic disappears

BERBERIS VULGARIS Q- Helps removal of gall stones and colic due to them

CALCAREA CARB. 30- Helps to remove colic due to gall or kidney stones. Should be repeated every 30 minutes

CALCULI BILLIARIS 30- For gall bladder thickening

CARCINOSIN 1000- Gall stones- for recurring  tendency

CARDUS MAR. Q- Swelling of the gall bladder with tenderness and pain. Prevents further formation of gall bladder

CHELIDONIUM 200- Gall stone colic and jaundice due to obstruction of the gall bladder by gall stones. Helps in the expulsion of gall stones and reduces pain, on this account

CHINA OFF. 200- It prevents formation of gall stones, and reduces pain, if occurring at night

CHIONANTHUS Q- A prominent remedy for prevention of formation of gall stones. Helps expulsion of the gall stones if already formed

CHOLESTERINUM 3X- It is almost specific remedy in removing all gall stone colic. Relieves pain at once

DIOSCOREA  Q- For relieving severe pain

FEL TAURI 2X- Increases the duodenal secretion , emulsifies and increases the action of intestines. Liquefies bile and removes the obstruction of gall ducts. Helps expulsion of biliary calculi

HYDRASTIS CAN 30- Gall stones with gragging in the right groin and right testicle. Jaundice and constipation

LYCOPODIUM CLAVATUM  10M- Gall stones- for recurring tendency

MERCURIOUS IOD 30- A lump on the gall bladder with inflammation of the liver. Urine smells like mustard oil. Great pain

MERCURIUS SULPH 30- A lump on the gall bladder with inflammation of the liver . Stools black in color

THLASPI BURSA P  Q- 10 drops daily in ladies with gall stone colic. Liver affections secondary to  uterine conditions

HOMOEOPATHIC REMEDIES FOR DISEASES OF HEEL

The heel is a padded cushion of fatty tissue around the heel bone (the calcaneus) that holds its shape despite the pressure of body weight and movement. It serves to protect the structures of the foot, including the calcaneus, muscles and ligaments. Heel pain is a very common foot complaint. 

HOMOEOPATHIC REMEDIES

ACIDUM TART. 3X- Pin in the soles and heels

ALLIUM CEPA 30- Ulcers on heels due to friction of the heels with shoes. It is also useful for blisters on the feet

AMMONIUM CARB 30- Pain in heels on standing with tenderness. Cramps in calf and soles. Big toe painful and swollen

ANTIMONIUM CRUDUM 30- Fissure on the heels

ARANEA DIAD 30- Pain in bones of heels. Sensation of swelling. Heels go to sleep

ARISTOLOLOCHIA MIL 30- Stitching pain in the heels with itching

ARSENICUM ABLUM 30-Ulcers on the heels with burning pain

BERBERIS VULGARIS 200- Pain in heels relieved by putting the entire body weight on them.Pain in heels as if ulcerated

BORAX 30- Pain in heels. Burning pain in great toe. Inflammation of the bulb of toe. Stitches in soles

CALCAREA CAUST 30- Tearing pain in the left heel

COLCHICUM AUTUMNALE 30- Gout of the heel. Cannot bear to touch or move it

CYCLAMEN 30- Burning sore pain in heels, better by moving about, massage and warmth, worse sitting or standing and by a cold warmth

GRAPHITES 30- Cracks in heels

KALI CARB 30- Pain in the right heel

LATHYRUS SAT. 30- Heels do not touch the ground while walking. Walks on front part of feet

MALANDRINUM 200- Fissures and chaps in the heels during winter and from washing

PETROLEUM 200-Stitching pain in the heels as if by splinters. Heels are rough with cracks and fissures. Worse in winter

PHASEOLUS L. 30- Gout of heels, accompanied with diabetes

PHYTOLACCA DEC. 30- Aching in the heels, relieved by elevating  feet. Pain is like electric shocks

PULSATILLA 30-Pain in the heels like pricking of nails. Put the feet outside the blanket to cool them as it has a pleasing effect on the pain

RANAUNCULUS BULBOSUS 30-Acute pain in the heels. Pulsative stitches in the ledft heel on standing

SILICEA 200- Teraing pain in the heels due to sprained ankles

VALERIANA 30-Stinging pain in heels while sitting

KIDS DNA TEST FOR DISEASES LINKED TO BLINDNESS

Researchers in the United Kingdom have demonstrated that advanced DNA testing for congenital cataracts can quickly and accurately diagnose a number of rare diseases marked by childhood blindness, according to a study published online in Ophthalmology, the journal of the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Using a single test, doctors were able to tailor care specifically to a child's condition based on their mutations, reducing the time and money spent on diagnosis and enabling earlier treatment and genetic counseling

Each year, between 20,000 and 40,000 children worldwide are born with congenital cataracts, a disease that clouds the lens of the eye and often requires surgery and treatment to prevent blindness.[i] The disease can arise following a maternal infection or be inherited as an isolated abnormality. Congenital cataracts can also appear as a symptom of more than 100 rare diseases, making mutations in the 115 genes associated with congenital cataracts useful as diagnostic markers for the illnesses.

Diagnosing these rare diseases previously proved a lengthy, costly and inconclusive process involving numerous clinical assessments and taking a detailed family history. DNA testing, one gene at a time, would have taken years to complete. Employing new DNA sequencing technology, called targeted next-generation sequencing, researchers at the University of Manchester sped up diagnosis to a matter of weeks by testing for mutations in all 115 known congenital cataracts genes at one time.

In 75 percent of the 36 cases tested, the DNA test determined the exact genetic cause of congenital cataracts. In one case, the DNA test helped diagnose a patient with Warburg Micro syndrome, an extremely rare disease that is marked by an abnormally small head and the development of severe epilepsy, among other medical issues. Having a clear diagnosis allowed for genetic counseling and appropriate care to be delivered quicker than previously possible without the test.

"There are many diseases that involve congenital cataracts but finding the exact reason was always difficult," said Graeme Black, DPhil., professor of genetics and ophthalmology at the University of Manchester and strategic director of the Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine. "Even with a family history, diagnosing these rare diseases was always a bit of a shot in the dark."

In the course of their work, done in collaboration with Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, researchers also found previously undescribed mutations linked to cataract formation. "There is hope that our work may one day provide more insight into the development and treatment of age-related cataracts, a leading cause of blindness worldwide," said Rachel Gillespie, MSc, lead author of the study who designed and developed the test.

The test was made available to U.K. patients through the country's National Health Service in December 2013. Infants and children who have congenital cataracts can be tested as well as prospective parents with a history of the condition who wish to evaluate the risk to their child. Results generally take about two months. While only available in the U.K., the congenital cataract DNA test can be requested by registered medical facilities through international referral.

As with all genetic testing, the American Academy of Ophthalmology encourages clinicians and patients to consider the benefits as well as the risks. Ophthalmologists who order genetic tests either should provide genetic counseling to their patients themselves, if qualified to do so, or should ensure that counseling is provided by a trained individual, such as a board-certified medical geneticist or genetic counselor. For more information, please see the Academy's recommendations on genetic testing for inherited eye diseases.

SCIENTISTS DISCOVER HOW TO SWITCH OFF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES

Scientists have made an important breakthrough in the fight against debilitating autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis by revealing how to stop cells attacking healthy body tissue.

Rather than the body's immune system destroying its own tissue by mistake, researchers at the University of Bristol have discovered how cells convert from being aggressive to actually protecting against disease.

The study, funded by the Wellcome Trust, is published in Nature Communications.

It's hoped this latest insight will lead to the widespread use of antigen-specific immunotherapy as a treatment for many autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes, Graves' disease and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

MS alone affects around 100,000 people in the UK and 2.5 million people worldwide.

Scientists were able to selectively target the cells that cause autoimmune disease by dampening down their aggression against the body's own tissues while converting them into cells capable of protecting against disease.

This type of conversion has been previously applied to allergies, known as 'allergic desensitisation', but its application to autoimmune diseases has only been appreciated recently.

The Bristol group has now revealed how the administration of fragments of the proteins that are normally the target for attack leads to correction of the autoimmune response.

Most importantly, their work reveals that effective treatment is achieved by gradually increasing the dose of antigenic fragment injected.

In order to figure out how this type of immunotherapy works, the scientists delved inside the immune cells themselves to see which genes and proteins were turned on or off by the treatment.

They found changes in gene expression that help explain how effective treatment leads to conversion of aggressor into protector cells. The outcome is to reinstate self-tolerance whereby an individual's immune system ignores its own tissues while remaining fully armed to protect against infection.

By specifically targeting the cells at fault, this immunotherapeutic approach avoids the need for the immune suppressive drugs associated with unacceptable side effects such as infections, development of tumours and disruption of natural regulatory mechanisms.

Professor David Wraith, who led the research, said: "Insight into the molecular basis of antigen-specific immunotherapy opens up exciting new opportunities to enhance the selectivity of the approach while providing valuable markers with which to measure effective treatment. These findings have important implications for the many patients suffering from autoimmune conditions that are currently difficult to treat."

This treatment approach, which could improve the lives of millions of people worldwide, is currently undergoing clinical development through biotechnology company Apitope, a spin-out from the University of Bristol.

CLIMATE EMERGING DISEASES DANGEROUS CONNECTIONS FOUND

Climate change may affect human health directly or indirectly. In addition to increased threats of storms, flooding, droughts, and heat waves, other health risks are being identified. In particular, new diseases are appearing, caused by infectious agents (viruses, bacteria, parasites) heretofore unknown or that are changing, especially under the effect of changes in the climate (change of host, vector, pathogenicity, or strain). These are so-called "emerging" or "re-emerging" infectious diseases, such as leishmaniasis, West Nile fever, etc. According to the WHO, these diseases are causing one third of deaths around the world, and developing countries are on the front line.

A difficult relationship to establish

Several parameters may be behind this increased spread of pathogens and their hosts (vectors, reservoirs, etc.). Climate change modifies temperature and humidity conditions in natural environments, and therefore alters the transmission dynamics for the infectious agents. It also affects the range, abundance, behaviour, biological cycles, and life history traits of the microbes or related host species, changing balances between pathogens, vectors, and reservoirs. However, these effects remain poorly explained, in particular because they require an understanding of the long-term spatial or temporal changes to the phenomena. Therefore, it is difficult to establish a direct link between climate change and the overall evolution of infectious pathologies.

Decreased rainfall rhymes with epidemic

Providing some clarification on this question for the first time, a study by IRD researchers and their partners has shown the relationship over a 40-year period between climate change and epidemics of a disease emerging in Latin America: Buruli ulcer. Rising surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean tend to increase the frequency of El Niño events, which especially affect Central and South America approximately every five to seven years, causing waves of droughts. The research team compared changes in rainfall in the region with changes in the number of cases of Buruli ulcer recorded in French Guyana since 1969 and observed the statistical correlations.

In fact, the decrease in rainfall and runoff led to an increase in areas of residual stagnant water, where the bacteria responsible, Mycobacterium ulcerans, proliferates. The greater access to swampy habitats that results from this facilitates frequentation by humans (fishing, hunting, etc.) and thus intensifies human exposure to the microorganism living in this type of aquatic environment. This result, published inEmerging Microbes and Infections -- Nature, was made possible through long-term time series data.

In light of the rainfall conditions in recent years, the researchers fear a potential new outbreak of Buruli ulcer in the region. Beyond an improvement in forecasting the risk of an epidemic, this study highlights the need to consider a set of parameters and their interactions. Contrary to the accepted idea, less rainfall does not mean a certain decrease in the prevalence of infectious diseases, as shown by this example. Similarly, the expected warming of the atmosphere could provide temperature conditions unsuitable to the development cycle of some pathogenic agents, such as for malaria in Africa.

HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICINE FOR DISEASES OF SHOULDER

The shoulder is one of the largest and most complex joints in the body. The shoulder joint is formed where the humerus (upper arm bone) fits into the scapula (shoulder blade), like a ball and socket. Other important bones in the shoulder include:-The acromion is a bony projection off the scapula.

The clavicle (collarbone) meets the acromion in the acromioclavicular joint.The coracoid process is a hook-like bony projection from the scapula.

The shoulder has several other important structures:-The rotator cuff is a collection of muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder, giving it support and allowing a wide range of motion.The bursa is a small sac of fluid that cushions and protects the tendons of the rotator cuff. A cuff of cartilage called the labrum forms a cup for the ball-like head of the humerus to fit into.

The humerus fits relatively loosely into the shoulder joint. This gives the shoulder a wide range of motion, but also makes it vulnerable to injury.

SHOULDER DISEASES

FROZEN SHOULDER -: Inflammation develops in the shoulder that causes pain and stiffness. As a frozen shoulder progresses, movement in the shoulder can be severely limited.

OSTEOARTHRITIS-: The common "wear-and-tear" arthritis that occurs with aging. The shoulder is less often affected by osteoarthritis than the knee.

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A form of arthritis in which the immune system attacks the joints, causing inflammation and pain. Rheumatoid arthritis can affect any joint, including the shoulder.

GOUT - A form of arthritis in which crystals form in the joints, causing inflammation and pain. The shoulder is an uncommon location for gout.

ROTATOR CUFF TEAR -: A tear in one of the muscles or tendons surrounding the top of the humerus. A rotator cuff tear may be a sudden injury, or result from steady overuse.

SHOULDER IMPINGEMENT- The acromion (edge of the scapula) presses on the rotator cuff as the arm is lifted. If inflammation or an injury in the rotator cuff is present, this impingement causes pain.

SHOULDER DISLOCATION- The humerus or one of the other bones in the shoulder slips out of position. Raising the arm causes pain and a "popping" sensation if the shoulder is dislocated.

SHOULDER TENDONITIS-: Inflammation of one of the tendons in the shoulder's rotator cuff. 

SHOULDER BURSITIS- Inflammation of the bursa, the small sac of fluid that rests over the rotator cuff tendons. Pain with overhead activities or pressure on the upper, outer arm are symptoms.

LABRAL TEAR-: An accident or overuse can cause a tear in the labrum, the cuff of cartilage that overlies the head of the humerus. Most labral tears heal without requiring surgery.

HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICINES

CAUSTICUM 30- Pains specially in the left shoulder with numbness. Contacted tendons with tearing in the shoulder joints and weakness. Better by warmth  , specially of bed

CHELIDONIUM 30- Pain in the arms and shoulders . Constant pain under  and lower angle of right scapula . Pain at the lower angle of left scapula. Pain at the lower angle of left scapula. Pain is worse by motion and touch, better by rubbing

CHENOPODIUM AN. 30- Intense pain between the angle of right shoulder near the spine and through the chest

FERRUM MET 30- Rheumatism of the shoulder, worse while sitting still and after cold washing while overheated. Midnight aggravation of pain is the characteristic of this remedy

PHYTOLACCA DEC. 30- Pin and soreness in the shoulders accompanied with restlessness. Specially shooting pain in the right shoulder with stiffness and an inability to raise the arm. Pain flies like electric shocks and is worse in the morning, in wet weather, and better in dry weather and warmth

RHUS TOX 30- Pain in the tendons and joints of the shoulders. Pain due to over work and excessive use of hands, arms and shoulders. Pain  is tearing in character and there is tingling in the arms. Pain may extend to the neck. Worse while sitting, better by movement and pressure

TINY NEEDLES OFFER POTENTIAL NEW TREATMENT FOR TWO MAJOR EYE DISEASES

Needles almost too small to be seen with the unaided eye could be the basis for new treatment options for two of the world’s leading eye diseases: glaucoma and corneal neovascularization.

The microneedles, ranging in length from 400 to 700 microns, could provide a new way to deliver drugs to specific areas within the eye relevant to these diseases. By targeting the drugs only to specific parts of the eye instead of the entire eye, researchers hope to increase effectiveness, limit side effects, and reduce the amount of drug needed.

For glaucoma, which affects about 2.2 million people in the United States and is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, the goal is to develop time-release drugs that could replace daily administration of eye drops. A painless microneedle injection made once every three to six months – potentially during regular office visits – could improve treatment outcomes by providing consistent dosages, overcoming patient compliance issues.

In the second disease, corneal neovascularization, corneal injury results in the growth of unwanted blood vessels that impair vision. To treat it, the researchers developed solid microneedles for delivering a dry drug compound that stops the vessel growth.

“The power of microneedles for treating eye conditions is the ability to target delivery of the drug within the eye,” said Mark Prausnitz, a Regents’ professor in the School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. “We are developing different microneedle-based systems that can put the drug precisely into the part of the eye where it’s needed. In many cases, we hope to couple that delivery with a controlled-release formulation that would allow one application to treat a condition for weeks or months.”

The research, which was supported by the National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), was reported November 13 in the journal Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. The research was done using animal models, and could become the first treatment technique to use microneedles for delivering drugs to treat diseases in the front of the eye.

Glaucoma results from elevated pressure inside the eye that can be treated by reducing production of the aqueous humor fluid in the eye, increasing flow of the fluid from the eye, or both. Glaucoma is now controlled by the use of eye drops, which must be applied daily. Studies show that as few as 56 percent of glaucoma patients follow the therapy protocol.

The microneedle therapy would inject drugs into space between two layers of the eye near the ciliary body, which produces the aqueous humor. The drug is retained near the injection side because it is formulated for increased viscosity. In studies with an animal model, the researchers were able to reduce intraocular pressure through the injections, showing that their drug got to the proper location in the eye.

Because the injection narrowly targets delivery of the drug, researchers were able to bring about a pressure reduction by using just one percent of the amount of drug required to produce a similar decline with eye drops. The research team, which also included Georgia Tech postdoctoral fellow Yoo Chun Kim and Emory University Emeritus Professor of Ophthalmology Henry Edelhauser, hopes to produce a time-release version of the drug that could be injected to provide therapy lasting for months.

“The ultimate goal for us would be for glaucoma patients visiting the doctor to get an injection that would last for the next six months, until the next time the patient needed to see the doctor,” said Prausnitz. “If we can do away with the need for patients to use eye drops, we could potentially have better control of intraocular pressure and better treatment of glaucoma.”

To treat corneal neovascularization, the researchers took a different approach, coating solid microneedles with an antibody-based drug that prevents the growth of blood vessels. They inserted the coated needles near the point of an injury, keeping them in place for approximately one minute until the drug dissolved into the cornea.

In an animal model, placement of the drug halted the growth of unwanted blood vessels for about two weeks after a single application. In addition to the researchers already mentioned, the corneal neovascularization research included Emory University Professor of Ophthalmology Hans Grossniklaus.

While the research reported in the journal did not include time-release versions of the drugs, a parallel project is evaluating potential formulations that would provide that feature.

Eye injections with hypodermic needles much larger than the microneedles are routinely used to administer compounds into the center of eye. These injections are well tolerated, and Prausnitz expects the use of microneedles would also not cause significant side effects.

“Increasingly, eye drops are not able to deliver drugs where they need to go, so injections into the eye are becoming more common,” said Edelhauser. “But hypodermic needles were not designed for the eye and are not optimal for targeting drugs within the eye.”

In contrast to the larger hypodermic needles, the microneedles are tailored to penetrate the eye only as far as needed to deliver the drugs to internal spaces within the layers of the eye. For the glaucoma drug, for instance, the needle is only about half a millimeter long, which is long enough to penetrate through the sclera, the outer layer of the eye, to the supraciliary space.

Both potential treatments would require additional animal testing before human trials could begin.