Showing posts with label in. Show all posts
Showing posts with label in. Show all posts

Friday, August 25, 2017

Psychosocial Considerations and Quality of Life Issues in Peripheral Neuropathy


It's something your doctor may not have time to address but unless you have help from elsewhere, the psychological effects of neuropathy are easily underestimated, whilst contributing to making your life a misery. This article from Medifocus Health (see link below) shows what happens to many neuropathy patients, sometimes without them realising it themselves. It's very important to be aware of how quickly your mental state can change when you're continually under stress from ill health. If you're also HIV positive, these problems can become exaggerated and friends and family become more important than ever!


Psychosocial Considerations and Quality of Life Issues in Peripheral Neuropathy

"Quality of life" is a measure of how well patients adjust to their condition. It measures many factors related to living with a medical condition, including:
•Physical and material well-being
•Social relationships with other people (e.g., spouse, siblings, or friends)
•Social activities (e.g., helping others, getting together with other individuals or groups, community/religious involvement)
•Personal fulfillment (e.g., career, creativity, pursuit of intellectual interests)
•Recreational activities (e.g., sports or relaxation)
•Health status (perceived and actual)

A significant aspect of quality of life and ability to function daily is related to how individuals with peripheral neuropathy perceive themselves and regard their situation. Physical well-being has the greatest influence on a person's perceived health status and on most other measures evaluated in quality of life test scales.

Chronic neuropathic pain can be very debilitating and can affect several dimension of daily life as reflected in lower scores of quality of life scales including:
•Psychological health (e.g., depression, anxiety)
•Work-related problems (e.g., reduced levels of productivity, absenteeism)
•Sleep disturbances
•Feelings of isolation
•Sense of disappointment that expectations of recovery are not being met

Peripheral neuropathy affects a wide range of people and its impact on quality of life is closely related to the severity of this interference in daily life. In some people it is very debilitating and chronic, while others may be affected only intermittently with varying degrees of discomfort ranging from mild to severe. Pain management programs play an important role in teaching individuals how to live with their condition. These programs focus on pain control, as well as social and physical functioning, and emotional health. Another benefit of pain management programs is that they usually consist of several types of professionals, including psychologists or psychiatrists who can help monitor emotional status and try to prevent secondary conditions such as depression and withdrawal from society in individuals with peripheral neuropathy.

Depression is not uncommon in persons with peripheral neuropathy due to the chronic aspect of the pain, loss of function, emotional burden, and reduced quality of life. Some of the medications used to treat peripheral neuropathy are actually antidepressants and may help to control depression as well. However, it is very important that patients share feelings of depression with their health care providers so that they can be addressed appropriately. Support groups are helpful for many persons in coping with the pain and discomfort and its impact on daily life.

Response to medications is extremely variable and many patients try numerous types and doses of medications before finding one that brings some measure of relief. Some doctors and patients find that keeping a daily pain diary is a useful tool to monitor responses to medications and therapies so that changes or adjustments to patients' pain management programs can be implemented as needed. Response to monotherapy (one drug) is estimated to bring a 30-50% reduction in pain, at best. Multi-drug therapies that target different parts of the nerve pathways may be more effective. Although there are no clinical trials to date regarding multi-drug treatment of peripheral neuropathy, this strategy is often practiced by physicians.

http://www.medifocushealth.com/NR021/Understanding-Peripheral-Neuropathy_Psychosocial-Considerations-and-Quality-of-Life-Issues-in-Peripheral-Neuropathy.php

Saturday, August 12, 2017

PDF Ayurvedic treatment sciatica in ayurveda


Ayurvedic treatment sciatica in ayurveda is usually one among necessary . beneath at this point Can easily from capture google and bing As a way to produce precious facts to the customers we now have experimented with to get the actual closest importance pictures close to Ayurvedic treatment sciatica in ayurveda Along with below you will definitely discover currently, all these illustrations or photos were utilized through the primary reference.

Sciatica refers to pain, weakness, numbness, or tingling in the leg Sciatica - Kerala Ayurveda - Ayurvedic Treatment Leicester, Leeds Ayurvedic treatment for back pain can provide long term relief  Psoriasis-Panchakarma treatment at Astang Ayurveda Astang Ayurveda tn_Lopamudra - Astang Ayurveda Astang Ayurveda Ayurvedic Treatment In Lucknow

People are for sale to get a hold of, if you wish in addition to want to get push keep banner in the article, and also it’ll become quickly saved ınside your portable computers. Last of all should you wish to secure latest as well as most recent image associated with Ayurvedic treatment sciatica in ayurveda , remember to comply with people in yahoo and google as well as as well as book mark this excellent website, people try out some of our perfect you can sell organic on a daily basis redesign through impressive and even innovative subject matter. We hope you like our website.

Ayurvedic treatment sciatica in ayurveda - it has long been circulated with the hope of which you may invigorate expected to any one. The next few paragraphs might offer for a a blueprint when you're baffled to find the correct manual The Ayurvedic treatment sciatica in ayurveda discussions may perhaps be your foremost method to always be utilized by the package, since it offers its strategy may really feel much more happy Ayurvedic treatment sciatica in ayurveda - Beneficial for everyone so you hoping acquire a trusted foundation of which can assist you to come across creativity with no dilemma. do remember for you to book mark this page, considering that it could be a day you require it again spine simply because ones own inspirational options.


Wednesday, July 26, 2017

Sciatica treatment in uk


Sciatica treatment in uk will be the development involving modern day common written content, could through the investigation in the google search as a way to produce appropriate facts most of us look at looking for graphics associated with the actual Sciatica treatment in uk . additionally, the gains you can understand less than needs to be most of the shots is exactly a particular representation.

Some images on Sciatica treatment in uk


 muscle requires treatment in order for the symptoms to be relieved SCIATICA PAIN RELIEF PILLOW PELVIC INJURY CUSHION PIRIFORMIS PELVIC Acupuncture Points For Sciatica Pain sciatica back pain, disc problems, neck pain, shoulder pain, sports Headache Treatment Bromley, Headache Treatment Orpington Denise sciatica back pain, disc problems, neck pain, shoulder pain, sports

Sciatica treatment in uk - this has been recently put up together with the expectancy that should we can easily simply definitely really encourage currently employed to help persons. This content will deliver as the personal reference while you are mixed up to choose the suitable guideline The Sciatica treatment in uk posts may be your best option that should be ascribed to art arrange, the way it possesses its very own approach will probably think far more content Sciatica treatment in uk - Extremely helpful for yourself therefore we are trying to find a trusted foundation of which can assist you to acquire determination while not frustration. take always into account that will lesemarke this page, mainly because it's possible at some point you should have the item returning simply because ones own inspirational options.


Tuesday, July 18, 2017

Mind disorders in elderly persons






Mind disorders in elderly persons
Elderly people usually develop many complaints and often need to live with it with the help of medicines. The persisting nature of disease and dependency of medicines can deteriorate them further in mental health with impinge on hope. Good quality of life is very much essential in old age or otherwise more than suffering to themselves, they will also become a burden to their family. So, with the fear of disease, they will be perfectly taking the list of medicines prescribed. 

They are also often piled with mental stress and sleeplessness because of their anxiety, expectations (love / finance for survival) and fear about future. It can also reflect in their blood pressure, appetite, attention, activities, etc. While getting treatment, they are very keen to have sleeping pills also to have so
ANd9GcQnp9TvLNItytW0bgra-srPAhN4OHtkusQEaukQdaIjI05F9nOb
und sleep (to forget all their worries at least with sleep). Sleeping pills are really a boon for them. Anyhow with habit forming and continuous usage, adverse effects like forgetfulness, lack of concentration, confusion, tremours, weakness, dizziness, hallucinations, slow heart beat, constipation, etc are inevitable. If they are not coping up with circumstances, in course of time, they may also develop mind disorders like depression, mania, etc.  Further even without any stress, memory related disorders can occur in elderly people because of atrophy of brain with ageing or due to mind / memory disorders like Amnesia or Dementia.
Common Mind disorders in elderly people are mood disorders, personality related mental illness, schizophrenia, psychotic disorder, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorders.
Anxiety disorders - Anxiety is an unpleasant emotional feeling triggered by anticipation of / fears for future events with memories of past events or rumination about the self.
Nightmare disorder – dream anxiety disorder with intensified fearful dreams
Panic disorders – are sudden attacks with accelerated or irregular heartbeats, shortness of breath, dizziness, etc. It is often caused with unreasonable intensified fear (i.e., with or without specific cause) and anxiety.
Post-traumatic stress disorder - is a complex disorder in which affected person's memory, emotional responses, intellectual processes, and nervous system have all been disrupted by one or more traumatic experiences. It is sometimes summarized as "a normal reaction to abnormal events."
Delusion – a status of recurrent / persistent thought(s) / belief(s) which are really a false.
Hallucination is a false perception occurring without any identifiable external stimulus and indicates an abnormality in perception in the form of voices, smells, tastes, vision and touch sensations.  

Delirium – a status of disorientation accompanied by cognitive impairment and fluctuating consciousness.
Hypochondrias – is medically meant for excessive fear of having a serious disease. These fears are not relieved even after medical examination / lab reports reveal no evidence of any disease or abnormal values.
Depression - unipolar depression are mental illnesses characterized by a profound and persistent feeling of sadness or despair and/or a loss of interest in things that were once pleasurable. Bipolar disorder (manic depression) involves abnormally "high" or pressured mood states, known as mania or hypomania, alternating with normal or depressed mood.
Memory related disorders
·         Amnesia – is meant for partial or total loss of memory. Forgetfulness is medically termed as Amnesia (i.e. loss of memory). It may be also because of inattentiveness or lack of interest or due to brain dysfunctions also.
·         Dementia – medically means declining memory. It may be rapid or have slow progression. Sufferers of dementia often miss their keys, umbrellas during start-up of the disease and later with progression of disease, they may get disoriented with way, place and can forget well-known persons, etc.
·         Alzheimer's disease– is a progressive and degenerative disease of brain cells to cause forgetfulness. It can be called as mind destructive disorder since it slowly destroys one’s intelligence, skill, memory, thinking, personality, cleanliness, etc. Sometimes, they may even not able to recognize their family members or themselves.
General treatment– In old age, one needs love and care than the medicines. I.e., for them, family care is worth more than medical treatment or medicines. Further, as there is no treatment for ageing, currently, there is no specific treatment for memory loss or forgetfulness for elderly people. If they have more anxiety and depression, antidepressants will be prescribed.
Homeopathic approach– Mind or memory problems can cause many conflicts in life, since it can make one or other to take wrong decisions or to become irritable at times. So, memory problems should be treated in the initial stage itself to have peaceful environment. Some mind disorders are reversible and some may not be reversible. Further, most of the time, treatment can only halt the progress of the complaints. So it is always worthwhile to start treatment in the early stage itself. In mind disorders of elderly people, “Hope” should be always given and should never be given up.
            "Cure rarely, comfort mostly, but console always'' as Hippocrates quotes, every doctor, irrespective of the system, needs to calm the sufferer’s mind with his reassuring words, and cure their diseases with their knowledge and medicines. Generally, in spite of proper care in all aspects i.e., taking healthy diet, health drinks, supplements like antioxidants, there will be falling memory in elderly people which is quiet common because of atrophy of brain. Even though there is no promising cure, Homeopathy can provide some hope to the sufferer and their family members as most constitutionally selected homeopathic medicine can rejuvenate brain to remain in endurance without any side-effects.
            Homeopathic medicinescommonly used in mind disorders in elderly person are Aconite, Ambra grisea, Anacardium, Arg nit, Ars alb, Aurum met, Baryta carb, Belladonna, Bryonia, Caladium, Cal carb, Cannabis indica, Clematis, Conium, Cuprum met, Gelsemium, Hyoscyamus, Ignatia, Lachesis, Lycopodium, Nat mur, Nux vom, Opium, Pulsatilla, Phosphorus, Sepia, Silicea, Staphysagria, Stramonium, Sulphur, Zinc met, etc. Bach’s flower remedies like Aspen, Chestnut bud, Mimulus, Red chestnut, Scleranthus, Thuja, Vervain, White chestnut, etc., can also provide amazing results. These medicines can facilitate one’s mind in a better way to cope with the situation. These medicines should be taken under the advice and diagnosis of a qualified Homoeopath. 


for new hope

Dr. S. Chidambaranathan, BHMS, MD (Homeo)
Laxmi Homeo Clinic
24 E. New Mahalipatti Road
Madurai, TN 625 001
India

Tel:  +91-452-233-8833 | +91-984-319-1011 (Mob)
Fax: +91-452-233-0196
E-mail:  drcheena@yahoo.com
www.drcheena.com  / www.drcheena.in


(Disclaimer - The contents of this column are for informational purpose only. The content is not intended to be a substitute for professional healthcare advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of healthcare professional for any health problem or medical condition.)








Sunday, July 16, 2017

Sensory Neuropathy remains common in HIV patients why


This article from the European Aids Treatment Group,EATG, (see link below) goes over old ground to some extent, in that most people know the story of how the older HIV meds: stavudine, didanosine, or zalcitabine were responsible for the neuropathy that many long-term HIV-patients now suffer. However, only recently has it been suggested that both a lower and higher CD4-cell count, or the virus itself, can cause neuropathic problems, as well as a number of other possible factors, including age and long-term medication use (whatever the drugs). So why, when the virus itself can and is being controlled and people's immune systems are returning to accepted healthy levels, is neuropathy still the snake in the grass?
The fact is that the research world-wide, is small-scale and inconclusive and frankly, not really good enough. More evidence of the lack of commerciality of our disease - no effective cure, means no money to be made. The most important sentence in this article may the last one, where the idea of removing the components of the medication which are likely cause nerve damage, will prevent neuropathy in the first place...hmmm is that not just too obvious!


Debilitating HIV-associated sensory neuropathy remains common
By Dave Levitan, 20/05/2010

Debilitating sensory neuropathy remains prevalent in HIV-infected patients, despite a general decline of neurological complications with use of combination antiretroviral therapy.

This finding is from a study in which the researchers tested 1,539 HIV-infected individuals for clinical signs of neuropathy and neuropathic pain.

"We were surprised by the high prevalence," lead author Dr. Ronald Ellis of the University of California, San Diego, told Reuters Health by e-mail.

"Painful neuropathy frequently persists and requires ongoing management," even when antiretroviral therapy has reduced viral load and restored immune function, he said.

In the May Archives of Neurology, Dr. Ellis and colleagues report that 881 patients (57.2%) had HIV-associated sensory neuropathy, and 335 of those 881 (38.0%) had neuropathic pain.

"Neuropathic pain was significantly associated with disability in daily activities, unemployment, and reduced quality of life," the investigators say.

Patients currently taking combination antiretroviral therapy had an adjusted odds ratio of 1.60 for clinical signs of sensory neuropathy, compared to past users or never users of antiretroviral combinations.

Age (aOR 2.13), past use of stavudine, didanosine, or zalcitabine (aOR 1.95), and lower CD4 nadir (aOR 1.16) were also associated with sensory neuropathy.

Paradoxically, neuropathic pain was associated with a higher CD4 nadir, as well as with past use of stavudine, didanosine, or zalcitabine.

In an editorial, Drs. Dennis Kolson and Francisco Gonzalez-Scarano, both of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, said the "association between neuropathic pain and a higher CD4 nadir suggests that a functional immune system may contribute to the induction of pain." They also suggest considering the risk of neuropathy - and the disability that results -- when deciding whether to start antiretroviral therapy.

Regarding potential for peripheral nerve regeneration and recovery, Dr. Ellis told Reuters Health, "It may be that treatments can be designed to enhance regeneration. Alternatively, we may find that earlier HAART therapy using agents without neurotoxicity can protect individuals from developing neuropathy in the first place."

http://eatg.org/eatg/Global-HIV-News/Treatment/Debilitating-HIV-associated-sensory-neuropathy-remains-common

Saturday, July 15, 2017

Popular Sciatica pain treatment in homeopathy


In this article some of us will in all probability assist you to have a valuable reference point influenced by investigating involving latest content Sciatica pain treatment in homeopathy likelihood controversy because a number of people which will are seeking for it. for benchmark Recovering everyone benefit from an array of the search engines guidelines visuals which have been tightly related to Sciatica pain treatment in homeopathy .

Nerve Pain: Sciatic Nerve Pain Homeopathy Aura Homeopathy Best Homeopathy Treatment India AL FIDA MEDICAL CENTRE - greensmedia.com Nerve Pain: Herbal Remedies Sciatic Nerve Pain multicarehomeopathy - muscular-dystrophy Active Health Clinics Chiropractor Maidenhead Cookham Berkshire

images above you'll be able to acquire along with preserve it again towards the desktop computer computer to make certain that in the event you need it is exclusively levied quite simply. Sciatica pain treatment in homeopathy would be the critical available for you exactly who loves to linked issues. For this reason people procured any step to take root the comprehensive data for the purpose of the good a lot of our targeted visitors. Take note of all of our webpage this enables you to seek out extra reports relating to that search terms

Sciatica pain treatment in homeopathy - to assist you to improve the eye of our tourists are also proud to make this page. developing products you can released is going to most people test in the future to enable you to actually comprehend once discovering this place. Finally, it is not a few words that must definitely be designed to persuade a person. still because the rules about foreign language, we will exclusively offer a Sciatica pain treatment in homeopathy chat away at this point


Friday, July 14, 2017

Sciatica in buttocks treatment


Sciatica in buttocks treatment will be fad from the present widely used articles and other content, problems in later life out of your test of this browser's search engine so as to present exact data we all test to look for photos regarding any Sciatica in buttocks treatment . along with the effects you will observe underneath you should be aware many of the photographs is simply a good example.

Some images on Sciatica in buttocks treatment


Pain in buttocks Sciatica: Pinched Nerve Therapy - Back On Track Wellness What are Sciatica Trigger Points? What To Do When Your Sciatica Pain Is Out of Control Stretches to Help Manage Sciatica sciatic nerve passes through piriformis muscle jpg

Sciatica in buttocks treatment - it's already been submitted with the expectation whom we live competent to really encourage needed to the majority of people. The next few paragraphs might offer for a a blueprint when you are confused to choose the right guide The Sciatica in buttocks treatment blogposts could possibly be your very best self selection to get used on the project prepare, while it includes unique system is going to come to feel extra contented Sciatica in buttocks treatment - Worthwhile for your needs thus most of us looking to uncover a trusted foundation of which can assist you to discover motivation without having misunderstandings. don't forget to be able to take a note of these pages, considering that it could be a day you require it again spine like any inspirational choices.


Topic Left leg sciatica treatment in homeopathy


Here you can enable you to obtain a helpful research consistent with checking for ongoing article content Left leg sciatica treatment in homeopathy prospect of debate considering lots of readers what exactly consumers are seeking for the item all over again. in reference Collecting we use multiple search engines are graphics which can be strongly related Left leg sciatica treatment in homeopathy .

Pictured previously mentioned you possibly can get in addition to spend less the idea in the laptop or computer harddrive so that any time you need it could be straight utilized very easily. Left leg sciatica treatment in homeopathy may be the crucial for you personally which wants to connected subject areas. Accordingly everyone acquired all the initiative to collect the knowledge meant for as well as some of our prospects. Discover a lot of our blog who enables you to look for even more article content regarding any keyword phrases

Left leg sciatica treatment in homeopathy - to assist you to improve the eye of our tourists will be excited to help with making these pages. developing products you can released definitely will we tend to test a later date so that you could certainly fully understand following scanning this publish. Finally, it is not a few words that need to be meant to tell people. yet as a result of limits regarding terminology, we will exclusively offer a Left leg sciatica treatment in homeopathy discussion up here


Wednesday, July 12, 2017

The StimRouter a Potential Advance in Neuropathy Treatment


Today's post comes from americannewsreport.com (see link below)and talks about a new form of electro-stimulator designed to inhibit nerve pain. It's still in the testing stage so as with all these things, "seeing is believing". The biggest difference in comparison to other electrostimulators is that this one will be applied directly at the source of the pain and not just the spine. The problem with neuropathy is that although we may say that our pain is in the hands, feet or legs, it's always difficult to specify precisely where the source of the pain lies. The article suggests that the StimRouter will apply current directly to the nerve which transmits pain signals to the brain.




















Device Could Deliver Chronic Nerve Pain Relief Without Drugs
by Staff on April 12, 2012

A southern California company has begun a study to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the “StimRouter” neuromodulation system for sufferers of chronic peripheral nerve pain. Bioness will enroll 126 patients in up to 10 sites in the U.S. for the study, which will take over two years to complete.

“The StimRouter could potentially provide – for the first time – a non-pharmaceutical treatment option that can be targeted directly to the pain site for more focused pain relief. The results of this study could have a significant impact on the way we treat patients with peripheral nerve pain,” said Timothy Deer, MD, a pain management specialist at The Center for Pain Relief at Saint Francis Hospital in Charleston, West Virginia.

20 million Americans suffer from chronic peripheral nerve pain. The disorder triggers painful burning and tingling sensations, or feeling like “pins and needles.” Current treatments include spinal cord stimulation and pain medication. Because of rising abuse, addiction and deaths from painkillers, many patients and health care providers are looking for alternate ways to relieve pain.

Unlike other neurostimulators, the StimRouter is designed to be used at the pain site rather than the spinal cord. It delivers low-level electrical impulses directly to the nerve that carries the pain signal to the brain. The device also has the capability of storing stimulation programs to provide patients with a variety of treatment options depending on their activity or level of pain.

The study will evaluate the effect of the system on patients’ overall pain, as well as changes in pain medication, quality of life, changes in pain level, patient satisfaction and long-term safety.

http://americannewsreport.com/device-could-deliver-chronic-nerve-pain-relief-without-drugs-8813832.html

Monday, July 10, 2017

HIV and Neuropathy in Lesotho


Amongst several other serious complications as a result of contracting HIV, the lady in orange has severe neuropathy in her feet. The lady in orange... for us a lady without a name yet her face shows how much she is suffering and reveals the fear of not knowing what is happening to her. Thankfully, she's able to receive help but she represents the face of HIV in Africa - a medical situation that doesn't seem to be getting that much better.

The only reason for posting this video is to put our own situations in context and remind ourselves that however much we may be suffering personally... everything is still relative!



Saturday, July 8, 2017

Seizure convulsions epilepsy Short circuit in brain



Short circuit in brain – Seizure / convulsions / epilepsy

NERVOUS SYSTEM – Short circuit in brain – Seizure / convulsions / epilepsy
Brain – the main switch of our body, controls all parts of our body through the wired network
(nerves). Brain cells send signals as electrical impulses to the periphery for every action. Any spark or voltage fluctuations or interruptions or flickering (abnormal brain signals or activity) can cause short circuit (i.e., tic / twitch / spasm / seizure / convulsions / epilepsy complaints) in connections and communications – seizure disorders. It is just like an error code transmitted in brain cells (neurons). It can also go for fuse off the brain (death) when there is persistent spark or flickering (sustained twitching or seizure / status epilepticus) when care is not taken / given properly to control it.
Generally, brain dysfunction can cause loss or lack of conscious / memory level, poor concentration, drowsiness, tic, twitch, spasm, sleepiness / sleeplessness, seizure, epilepsy, coma, etc. Any injury or disturbances to brain or its coverings can cause or trigger abnormal signals / functions which can lead one to seizures, so one needs to take care more of the head to avoid spreading infections / diseases and head injury .
Seizure disorder is one of the most feared diseases or dysfunctions of brain since it can occur on any occasion, on any day, any time and under any circumstances. Also, it can occur in any part / side of the body or the whole body. Here, the sufferer will not know about the suffered activity, but bystanders or family members fear more on seeing the violent nature of the seizure.
Even though no one could guarantee for the cure, seizure sufferers can surely lead a comfortable normal life with out any difficulty with proper treatment. They can all enjoy life with some precautions (avoiding alcohol, driving, swimming, and working in machineries which can endanger life). They also need not fear about day-to-day activities, marriage, reproductive health, children health status, etc. In fact, sleeplessness, fever, anxiety and panic / fear, worries, tension, etc., can enter error coding then and there in the brain to trigger seizures / epilepsy.
Embarrassment and annoying disappointment causes more complaints than the real suffering, i.e., constant weakness, mental upset / depression, etc. Like wise, even though most of the time, children can outgrow the tendency, it is often feared for disturbance in the intelligence of children, brain problems like tumours in future, etc. It is not true scientifically. But one needs to take more care while selecting appropriate medicines and dosage, since overdose of anticonvulsant medicines usually suppress the brain altogether. In this case, the sufferer will always feel dullness, sleepiness and lacks interest, concentration and learning skills.
Seizure Seize generally means a sudden action taken for possessing something or to hold
suddenly. Seizure spells often paralyse the function (of brain) temporarily or of a sudden. Here one can feel altered sensations or functions or both. Seizure disorders can cause a variety of involuntary symptoms, i.e., varying from simple black out / momentary loss of consciousness, strange look, a sharp and short twitch, muscle spasms, imbalance in gait, involuntary movements / jerks / chorea / dyskinesia / convulsions, fainting, frothy saliva due to spasm in lungs and throat, incontinence of bowels and bladder, etc., to coma. Here brain reacts to the sharp and short signals (These abnormal signals – spikes and waves can be read in EEG – Electroencephalography).
Spark (abnormal signal or foci), which remains in the start-up itself and goes off after a period, will reflect externally as localised seizure i.e., concerned with connecting area of brain. Sometimes, spark can spread to adjacent area to cause a mighty flame and can cause generalised seizure (whole body suffering).
Seizure disorders are of many varieties / types, i.e., simple seizure to chronic epilepsy. It may be with single or multiple attacks with or without consciousness. Seizure occurrence during sustained high temperature (febrile fits / convulsions) is one among them. It is common in children, since developing or child brain is more susceptible to abnormal signals. Here proper care should be given or otherwise later epilepsy gets roots here. Commonly, seizure complaints do not cause any brain damage , but can cause when it occurs very severely and in a sustained manner.
Epilepsy – is again an umbrella term used for a group of disorders arising in the brain (especially in cerebral cortex) – Epilepsy is a type of seizure disorder which has recurrent episode of seizures. It just means a chronic seizure tendency (which comes / recurs recurrently or repeatedly). Having seizure for the first time or during high temperature (febrile fits) should not be diagnosed as epilepsy.
In epilepsy, recurrent episode of conduction error occurs in the brain causing momentary loss / disturbance in consciousness, paroxysmal hyper synchronous jerky movements, violent contractions, drowsiness, headache and confusion. The abnormality may be noted in motor or psychic or sensory plane. It may be idiopathic (with unknown cause) or symptomatic (with known cause). As seizures, epilepsy can also be focal or generlised. Its nature, character, symptom presentation and intensity varies from person to person and triggering foci in the brain. Usually, it has 3 phases, i.e. Aura (starting phase), Ictus phase (attack) and Post ictus phase (exhausted ending phase).
  • Aura – It is an altered (subjective / notion) feeling which alarms or warns the arrival of epilepsy. It can last for a minute to a day. It may be felt as altered sensation in hearing, vision, taste, smell, feeling, sensations, etc. Its presentation of feeling may vary from person to person. Aura signals commonly arise in the temporal lobe.
  • Ictus – means the suffering period or attack of epilepsy. The suffering nature may also differ in different individuals with symptoms of loss of conscious, jerky movements (tonic / clonic contractions), sustained contractions / rigidity / spasms, catch / gasp in breath, drooling and frothing saliva, etc.
  • Post Ictus – It is the ending phase of suffering. Sufferer may feel exhausted, tiredness, body pain, (due to violent jerky movements) confusion, sleepiness, lack of concentration, etc., for a day or two.
Incidences – Seizures can occur in any one, irrespective of age and sex when the brain gets disturbed or injured. More than 3 per cent of people suffer from one or other type of seizure / epilepsy disorders. Most of the seizure complaints set in in infantile period or childhood and get tapered in adolescent age with adaptability (?). Its occurrence seems to be more common in autism and mentally retarded children and in persons who have developmental or genetic errors. Infants suffer chiefly after oxygen deficiency / asphyxia (developed due to delay in conduction of delivery)
or head injury (forceps delivery) or after violent crying (due to panic or fear) or after very high temperature or after serious illnesses. It is also more pronounced in persons who suffer from hormonal imbalance. Old people commonly suffer from seizure or epilepsy when they have cerebral palsy, tuberculosis, parasite infection (hydatid cyst), emotional upset, sleeplessness, brain atrophy, poor nutrition and as a reflection of tumours and other serious diseases.
Causes and symptoms of seizure / epilepsy
Seizure is identified as the effect or activity of sparking brain .
  • Why do these sparks occur in an insulated (covered) brain?
  • How does it occur?
  • What is the reason?
  • Why does it spread?
  • Why doesn’t it spread in some focal seizures ?
  • How does it resume normalcy after a period without any trace?
  • Why can’t even MRI or EEG pin point the foci/cause in every case?
Why???
WHY???WHY????………………
Still more questions ‘spark’ in our brain… which have not been answered till now. Anyhow, advancement in medicine easily controls (even though it cannot guarantee cure) and maintains it with tablets. It helps the sufferer lead a good challenging life (with some restrictions) and avoid being disabled.

Causes for seizure or epilepsy disorders – More often, causes will be idiopathic (unknown). Sometimes it may be symptomatic, i.e., having base for the suffering – suspected cause/disease. Commonly, seizure or twitching occurs when the brain/nerves lack essentials like oxygen, glucose, sodium, calcium, etc. Medical science has also identified innumerable causative factors for the occurrence of seizure disorders. The most common causes are:
Hereditary – Chromosomal abnormalities, autism, genetic predisposition, etc.
Attained during birth – Asphyxia developed as a complication of delivery, i.e., delay in conduction of delivery or due to cord around the neck or by ingestion of amniotic fluid, etc.
Physiological – Sleeplessness, overtime job, poor nutrition, poor growth, excess alcohol, sexual excesses, heat stroke , etc.
Psychological – Mental trauma /shock, fear, getting upset, anxiety, tension, depression, emotional conflicts, anger, loss, loneliness, etc.
Pathological – High fever, viral or bacterial infections (meningitis or encephalitis), ischaemia, high blood pressure, increased ventricular pressure, heart arrythmias, high sugar levels, metabolic disorders, vascular disorders/tumours, brain tumours, neurofibroma, parasite infections, etc.
Injury/trauma – Head injury from being hit while playing or due to surgical procedures to remove tumours or clots or druing forceps delivery, etc.
Drug induced – Seizures can also arise as a drug reaction during development (pregnancy period) or from drug dependency or from drug withdrawal which was held suddenly after having developed drug dependency (epilepsy or migraine), or from drugs poisoning with toxic doses, etc.
Generally in
  • Childhood – genetic predisposition, chromosomal abnormality, high fever, head injury , forceps delivery, asphyxia during delivery, bacterial or viral encephalitis, parasite infection, etc., come as common causes.
  • Adult – Alcohol, brain tumours, stroke, sleeplessness, metabolic disorders, head injury, meningitis, encephalitis, high fever, parasite infection, sclerosis, ageing atrophy, degenerative disorders, hypertension, diabetes , renal failure, etc., are common causes.
Triggers – Triggers vary from person to person. Sufferers often correlate innumerous triggers as
the precursor of the attack. The most common among them are anxiety, fear, tension, fever, exhaustion, sleeplessness, alcohol, drugs, flashing lights (including flickering of TV/computer monitor), seeing fast moving objects, thunderstorms, violent headache, high bass and treble sounds, oily foods, indigestion, etc.
Symptoms – also usually vary from person to person. It can occur anywhere in the body and can present symptoms as altered sensations or functions or feelings. Seizures/epilepsy can be of different types with different sets of symptom presentation depending upon the root and progress of the disease. Mainly, it is categorised as localised / focal seizures and generalised seizures depending upon the parts and sides of the body involved. Nowadays, seizures are named after the parts involved and activities during the attack.
For example
Localised seizure (Petitmal)
  • Focal seizure – symptom will be restricted to a part / side. This type of seizure is most common (more than 60 per cent).
  • Absence seizure – just a momentary loss of consciousness or staring
  • Akinetic seizure – loss of posture (due to loss of muscle tone) to fall down without any jerks or spasms.
These focal, absence and akinetic seizure commonly originates from the pre-central gyrus of the brain.
  • Generalised seizure (Grandmal) – occurs due to involvement of a larger area of the brain. Here the symptom presentation can be noted in most of the parts or all over the body.
Commonly, seizure has the following movements and they are also named accordingly:
  • Tonic movements – with high muscle tone – i.e., muscle become rigid
  • Clonic movements – oscillatory movements
  • Myoclonic movements – jerks/twitching of the parts/body
  • Tonic clonic movements – mixture of tonic and clonic movements
Symptoms of seizure/epilepsy usually vary in intensity and are strange in presentations from simple blackout/stare for a second to total loss of consciousness with or without sudden violent
shaking or jerky movements. That is, some persons will just faint, while some others will have twitching alone with or without consciousness and some others would have violent jerky movements with loss of consciousness. Simple seizures have no warning signs whereas chronic seizures (i.e., epilepsy) can have warning or alarm signs i.e. aura. In the case of those suffering from jerky movements, commonly the opposite side of the body suffers for the sparks on one side of the brain.
Aura – It is an altered (subjective/notion) feeling which alerts or alarms or warns the sufferer about the arrival of epilepsy. It can last for a minute to a day. It may be felt as altered sensation in hearing, vision, taste, smell, feeling, sensations, etc. It may also make one uneasy/uncomfortable and be in an irritable mood. Its presentation (feelings) differs from person to person. Aura signals commonly arise in the temporal lobe.
During attack – Presenting complaints commonly differ from person to person. Sufferers can have
a few or all the below symptoms
  • Staring
  • Blinking/twitching of eyelids and other parts
  • Imbalance with dizziness and drowsiness/fainting
  • Loss of consciousness/memory
  • Deviation of mouth angle with movements
  • Stiff face/painful facial expression
  • Clenched teeth
  • Tongue or cheek can get bitten between clenched teeth
  • Drooling and frothy saliva due to severe gasping
  • Catch in breath, gasping for air/choking felt due to obstruction in larynx due to accumulated sputum/phlegm and spasms of lung muscles
  • Rigidity and spasms in the parts involved – commonly arms flexed and legs extended or stretched
  • Rythmic jerky movements in parts with alternate tightness (spasm) and relaxation – eyes, mouth, neck, shoulder, arm, forearm, fingers, legs, etc. – which usually lasts from 30 secs to 3 minutes or more.
  • In severe cases, violent attack follows without any relaxation status – epilepticus (dangerous) – where there will be sustained contraction in all parts (including lung muscles – which commonly causes death)
  • Bladder and bowel can go out of control with leaking or emptying
  • Sufferer often gets injured when he faints and falls down against the wall or floor. They also get injured while having violent jerks against nearby objects.

After seizure – mild symptoms will last for a day or two with dullness
After attack –
  • Coma or loss of consciousness continues (or deep sleep follows) for minutes to hours depending upon the intensity of the suffering and exhaution of the sufferer. All muscles become flaccid and weak after the attack
On getting up
  • Unaware of activities/happenings during seizure
  • Anxiety, fear and tension
  • Drowsiness/dizziness/confusion/lack of concentration due to brain fag
  • Sleepiness, dullness, headache, giddiness may last for a day to two days
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Stomach discomfort with or without irregular bowel movements
  • Tiredness/exhaution/severe body pain due to violent jerky activities
  • Tremor, numbness of the parts and sleeplessness may follow
Diagnosis and management of seizure
The most feared disease, seizure (or epilepsy ), can spark at any time and the sufferer can fall and suffer any time. No one can predict the attack because of external health. Seizure/epilepsy is very difficult to diagnose since there is no single certain test to ascertain it. Also, even though the doctor will evaluate seizure/epilepsy with quite a lot of tests and investigations, nothing could pinpoint the cause for the complaint unless otherwise there is focal structural abnormality.
Anyhow, detailed case taking, incidences, patient and family member’s narration (about the family history, suffering and personality, behaviour and habit of person especially related to anxiety, tension, smoking, drinking and drugging, etc.), lab investigations, etc. can shape the plan and compulsion for the treatment.
Also, as the sufferer is not aware of the suffering or way of suffering, family members have the sole responsibility to note the nature and course of seizure (i.e. how it began and how it looks like, etc.) to tell the doctor, to treat accordingly. They should analyse the sufferer in the following way:
  • How seizure gets started
  • How many minutes it lasted
  • Whether the sufferer lost conscious from the beginning or not
  • Which part or side of the body suffers or suffers more?
  • Is there any trigger or not?
  • How about the time, food, incidences, emotions, reactions, activity of the sufferer just before the suffering?
  • How many minutes the sufferer takes to regain consciousness
  • Whether the sufferer had suffered incontinence of urine or stool during seizure?
During examination, doctors analyse the sufferer for brain dysfunctions with weakness, coordination of movement(s), reflexes, spasticity, alteration in sensations and functions, etc.

Diagnostic techniques
 – The common tests followed to frame seizure disorders are:
  • Routine blood tests and urine tests (to rule out any infection, anaemia, low or high sugar levels, metabolic disorders, poisoning, hormonal imbalance, etc.)
  • X-ray skull (in AP view and lateral view) / CT / MRI scan (to identify any bleeding spots / clots / brain tumours / cysts)
  • Electroencephalography (EEG) – to find out abnormal brain functions. Here brain functions are graphed through the current measured through electrodes placed on the scalp. The waves and spikes produced can indicate the place of abnormal foci in brain or flickering or spark. In seizure case, it may show abnormality in waves / spikes till 24 hours of the suffering and in epilepsy, unusual waves can be even read when the sufferer is normal and not having any seizures. Most often, EEG readings happen to remain normal (in seizure and epilepsy cases) confusing diagnosis.
  • Behaviourial (personality, mood swings, emotional changes, etc.) and neurological analysis (with muscle control, coordination, movements, reflexes)

Prevention 
– Since the cause remains unknown, no known preventive measures have been made out as of now. Anyway, for seizures – getting enough sleep, eating a proper nutritious diet and abstaining from alcohol and drugs, caring head against any injury reduces the chance of seizures or epilepsy. Also one needs to monitor stress sleep, diet, medications and stimulants for preventing as well as managing seizure.
Be
  • Open minded and share your feelings or fears
  • Active and do physical exercises regularly
  • Regular with medications
Do’s
  • Physical as well as mental exercises (reading, thinking, solving puzzles / problems)
  • Wear helmet while involved in risk factors
  • Proceed for treatment as early as possible in case of any complaints
Avoid
  • Racing against time
  • Circumstances which favour anxiety and tension
  • Overloading brain / mind anticipating trouble
  • Addictives – alcohol / coffee, smoking and drugs
  • Unnecessary medicines

Precautions
  • Don’t have any fear about the disease (mostly it is not life-threatening) – learn well about the disease
  • Good sleep is first and foremost good medicine. Have good sleep at least seven hours a day
  • Avoid triggers, especially tension, over exertion, dehydration, lowered sugar level, highly fluctuating lights and bass sounds, etc., to avoid attacks
  • Treat fever at the early stage itself and if necessary take sponge bath to reduce or control temperature
  • Get medicines from qualified doctors stating everything, i.e. complaints suffered before / during / after seizure
  • Take medicines regularly and never miss doses
  • Don’t drink, drive and swim alone
  • Be aware of the drug’s adverse effects and cope up with that
  • Avoid pregnancy unless otherwise medicine doses have been altered or reduced under the supervision of physician – since most commonly anti-epileptic drugs cause congenital anomalies or birth defects
  • Pre-natal and post-natal care should be given in the right way under the supervision of physician and gynaecologists.
Management

Caring for persons during seizure
  • Protect the sufferer from any injury by supporting and cushioning during fall or fainting or violent jerks of seizure
  • Try to remove objects / furniture away from the sufferer during jerks or suffering period
  • Do not try to stop or hold the sufferer as you cannot stop it or make it off all of a sudden – allow the seizure to run its natural course.
  • Do not give anything (iron rod or keys or any thing) in the hand to seizure patients (even though their activity looks like they are trying to grab or hold something) – It will also injure supporter (or you) or sufferer himself. So, don’t provide anything.
  • Do not give anything through the mouth – even water or medicines as they cannot swallow at that time.
  • Also, avoid putting any objects in the mouth to avoid tongue biting – This type of activity can cause choking or can also break teeth
  • Try to extend the head (stretching backwards) so that breathing will be easier for the sufferer
  • Roll over the suffer to lie sidewards so that frothy saliva can drool out (avoiding choking / avoiding entering into lungs causing bronchitis or pneumonia) If possible, loosen their dress and keep the area aerated. Don’t crowd around the sufferer
  • Hospitalise if sufferer suffers eh seizure violently and continuously or when the person has not regained consciousness in a short span of time. Hospitalisation can clear airways, provide oxygen, intravenous fluids and medicines to comfort the sufferer at the earliest.
Caring for persons after seizure
  • Give reassurance with hope for future
  • Make them get investigated all the way and make them proceed to proper treatment
  • Help them keep regular with medicines / food / habits
Complications – In case of seizure disorders, complications reflect in all facets (education, employment, quality of life, etc.) i.e., by the disease itself, due to progress of disease, by psychological upset or by medicines, etc.
First and foremost
  • Getting injured due to fainting / fall / seizure
  • Mental agony about the disease, life-time medicines, cure, fate, etc.
  • Feeling disabled to drive / high-skilled task (where attention is more precious or life is in danger) in spite of having all the parts in good condition or functions make one more worried and depressed
  • Bronchitis or pneumonia due to ingestion of saliva
  • Side-effects of regular life time anti-epileptic medicines, i.e.,
  • Dullness and poor concentration
  • Children cannot cope with study as before
  • Miscarriages during pregnancy
  • Can cause birth defects or congenital anomalies like cleft palate, autism, holes in heart
  • Impotency and low sperm count
  • Kidney and liver can suffer damage
Finally
  • Lack of treatment / care can lead one to emergency situation i.e., violent continuous seizure (Status epilepticus) / death

Treatment of seizure/epilepsy disorders
First and foremost line of management of seizure/epilepsy is getting good sleep. Secondly, stress reduction. Without these two, no medicine / treatment will be useful. Children usually outgrow seizures (or seizure itself will eventually go off) while growing or after a period of time. Many
adolescent people would have fears about leading a married life and the future.Actually, it is in no way related to marital life or sex. So it is not advisable to hide the suffering from anyone since they could get help from known / near ones in case of emergency. One should also develop hope and confidence that seizure and epilepsy will go off eventually by gaining a strong body and mind.
In general, treatment for any disease in any system will get tough and complicated when the causative/triggering factor is not known. Most often this happens in seizure/epilepsy cases and the sufferers are most commonly compelled to get treated for suppression or for presentation of complaints. Anyhow, prognosis always remains good here, calling them preventable seizures.
Although treatment can control and possibly avoid/delay the seizure episode or emergency situations, there is no promise for cure in all systems of medicines (since it cannot be shown with evidence, even after 2-3 years of absence of complaints, it could not be claimed as cured). Also
one should be aware that without treatment, the disease often progresses and causes cognitive dysfunctions/life threatening severe seizure episode or status epilepticus. So, it is important to begin treatment right away from the start-up of the complaint and to continue medication until attaining at the least two years of complaints-free period (in all systems of medicine). Also, it is always advised to use prescribed medicines regularly and not to miss doses even though one may fear the side-effects of anti epileptic drugs (especially in children, since they often become dull, cannot cope with studies and get depressed).
Emergency care – During the natural course of attack, support and preventing injury (especially the head) is vital. Also reviving breathing by extending head backwards, clearing airways, providing oxygen and intravenous fluids / medicines as early as possible will make the sufferer comfortable at the earliest. Usually, a tranquiller or anti convulsive drugs along with vitamins (vitamin B1 – thiamine and vitamin K) supplementation are given intravenously to help the sufferer recover from violent jerks. After recovering from seizure, it is always advisable to treat seizure accordingly analysing the complaints in all the way with all sorts of investigations. The sufferer needs to opt for a prolonged course of medicines (in all systems of medicine) regularly with good nutritious diet and sleep to prevent attack in future.

General treatment
 – One cannot deny the remarkable way of switching off the seizure or epilepsy by allopathic – anti-epileptic – drugs. Even though they do not cure the disorder ultimately, the way it controls seizures is a miracle and boon for the sufferer. Taking medicines immediately after the first attack usually prevents further episodes. Generally, in addition to anti-epileptic drugs, vitamin supplements and antioxidants are prescribed to support the brain and its functions. Pregnant women will be provided folic acid and vitamin K to avoid congenital abnormalities.
The common anti-epileptic drugs are sodium valproate, carbamazapine, Phenobarbitone, Phnytoin, Primidone, Clonazepam, etc. Mostly 90 per cent of seizure/epilepsy disorders gets shut down immediately on starting the medicines. Sometimes, it would recur even while the sufferer is following medication. In this case, the alternative choice of drugs will be tried.
Generally Allopathic drugs need to be continued for life or till the sufferer is free from complaint for more than 2-3 years. If the complaint seems to be under control or eventually goes off, tapering of medicines can be considered and this should be implemented in a course of six months to one year. Medicine should never be stopped without the advice of a doctor and before analysing EEG again for epileptic wave patterns (even though EEG is not a strong indicator). Also, it should not be stopped all of a sudden since seizure would rebound with its crescendo at any time shortly after stoppage of medicines.
Mostly 60 per cent of the sufferers can withdraw from drugs slowly without the complaints recurring. If complaints seem to rebound again, they need to follow the medicines for three more years or for life. In uncontrollable cases, where structural complaints (tumours) are there, surgery is advised.

Drug side-effects
 – usually vary from person to person. Commonly, patients suffer a few or many of these following characteristics – dullness, confusion, irritability, lack of memory, drowsiness, dizziness, tremor, rashes, nausea, vomiting, sleepiness/ sleeplessness, fatigue , depression, blurred vision, double vision, nystagmus (rapid movement of eye ball), liver, stomach, kidney problems, hormonal imbalance, BP variations, weight loss/gain, miscarriage/congenital anomalies while taken during pregnancy, early diabetes , etc. In spite of all these, the memory and experience of past seizure compel every sufferer to depend on the drugs.
Dependency on the drugs also compels one to look for an alternative solution. Homeopathy comes first here as gateway to cure.
Homeopathic approach – Modern system of medicines claims that seizure cannot be cured altogether with medicines and only can be maintained with anti-convulsants, but Homeopathy can challenge and calm one’s brain from these terrible jerks or blackouts with out any side-effects. Homeopathy claims that it is always wise to treat the condition than to suppress it with anti-convulsants.
Normally, fear of dependency on drugs and the side-effects of long-term medication bring sufferers to Homeopathy. Homeopathy can really do wonders for these patients. Homeopathy medicines acts not on the superficial plane but deep down to root out the complaint. So it may need some time to show response or result. Patients may need patience and tolerance (more of this is needed) to enjoy its fruitful results. To make brain spark proof and to have the confidence to win over the disease and its effects, Homeopathy can help. Also, for some persons, the given restriction (no swimming, driving, etc.) will make them feel bad. Here, counseling and treatment according to symptoms works fine. Homeopathy can work excellently for insulating the brain in a good way.
Homeopathy can treat seizure disorders very well by simply riding on the waves of the brain and mind of the person. Homeopathy gives more importance to the patient’s feelings / notions / moods, timing of attack, lunar phases and causative or tiggering factors like tension, sleeplessness, watching TV / playing video games for a prolonged time, etc., than for presentation and nature of
complaint for selecting the right remedy. For example, some will get seizure only during sleep, some others will suffer only during the day and never at night, some will suffer during the Full Moon or New Moon phases, some others will suffer after over excitement or after overeating or after they feel afraid of something. Likewise, one’s nature / course of suffering will differ. Homeopathy works out individualisation here and treats person as a whole to root out the disease.
To have good response, it is first the duty of the physician to educate the sufferer about the disease, need for good rest, sleep and diet. In Homeopathy, the response will be quick and good in persons who opt for this treatment in the start-up of the condition and the response will be slow in persons who came for treatment late with dependence on Allopathic drugs. People who depend on Allopathic drugs should not stop them all of a sudden, since if they do so, they would often meet a
crescendoof rebounding jerks or blackouts. So, Allopathic medicines / anti seizure medicines used for suppressing seizures should be tapered off in a slow manner after gaining / feeling betterment with homeopathic medicines . First they should increase the duration between medications along with administration of Homeopathy medicines, then they should reduce the anti-epileptic drugs’ dosage levels slowly. One need not worry about going in for two systems of medicine simultaneously since there won’t be any side-effects or interaction.
Homeopathic medicines commonly used in cases of seizure/epilepsy disorders are Aconite, Agaricus, Ambra grisea, Apis mel, Arg nit, Ars alb, Artemisia V, Belladonna, Bufo, Calc carb, Calc phos, Cannabis indica, Causticum, Cicuta, Cuprum met, Gelsemium, Hyosyamus, Ignatia, Kali brom, Kali phos, Lachesis, Lycopodium, Natrum mur, Nux vom, Opium, Passiflora, Plumbum met, Pulsatilla, Rhus tox, Silicea, Strychinum, Tarentula, Valeriana, Zinc met, Zinc phos, etc, These Medicines should be taken under the advice and diagnosis of a qualified Homeopath. The results of Homeopathy treatment are not drowsy but will be a very peaceful refreshment.

for new hope

Dr. S. Chidambaranathan, BHMS, MD (Homeo)
Laxmi Homeo Clinic
24 E. New Mahalipatti Road
Madurai, TN 625 001
India

Tel:  +91-452-233-8833 | +91-984-319-1011 (Mob)
Fax: +91-452-233-0196
E-mail:  drcheena@yahoo.com
www.drcheena.com  / www.drcheena.in


(Disclaimer - The contents of this column are for informational purpose only. The content is not intended to be a substitute for professional healthcare advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of healthcare professional for any health problem or medical condition.)